Introduction to multimedia information retrieval, Characteristics of MM data; similarity-based retrieval model-retrieval framework; Benchmarking of multimedia information systems; Color-based Retrieval: color models; histogram model; indexing and retrieval; relevance feedback; histogram refinement; color cluster technique; Texture-based Retrieval: texture models; statistical models; combined color-texture representation; Shape-based Retrieval: shape matching; contour-based method (Fourier descriptors); region-based method (moment invariants); Audio Retrieval: characteristics of audio data; spectrum analysis; pitch tracking; techniques for audio feature extraction, similarity matching and retrieval; Video Retrieval: key-frame extraction; video retrieval techniques; Multimedia applications; Research Problems