Mobile ad hoc networking; imperatives, challenges and characteristics, Bluetooth networks, Routing approaches, Proactive and reactive protocols. Clustering and hierarchical routing, Multipath routing, Security aware routing, Energy efficient communication in ad hoc networks, Measuring energy consumption, Power save protocols, Maximum life time routing, Secure routing protocols, Intrusion detection, Security considerations in ad hoc sensor networks, Key management, Characterization of IP traffic, QOS classification, Self similar processes, Statistical analysis of non – real time traffic and real – time services and Recent trends.